Franchise Raising Frogs

1. BRIEF HISTORY


Raising frogs have been conducted in several countries, both hot and temperate climates of 4 seasons. Noted European countries which have cultivated a frog, among others: France, Netherlands, Belgium, Albania,
Romania, West Germany, Britain, Denmark and Greece, the United States and Mexico. While in Asia, China, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Turkey, India and Hong Kong who have been cultivating frogs.

History frog unknown origin, because almost found everywhere, because of its ability to adapt to the surrounding environment. Frogs are much cultivated in Indonesia (Rana catesbeiana) derives from Taiwan, despite the frog was originally comes from South America.
2. LIVESTOCK CENTER

At first, frog farming trials conducted in Klaten (Central fish fries), which later spread to Central Java. In West Java, frog farming mostly found in northern coastal areas, in addition to cultivating frogs North coastal communities also captured from the wild. Later in West Sumatra and Bali, also a center for breeding frogs.
3. J E N I S


Frogs belong to the order Anura, the class of amphibians without tails. In order Anura there are more than 250 genera comprising 2600 species.

There are 4 types of frogs are native to Indonesia in consumption by our society, namely:
1)

Rana Macrodon (green frog), decorated in green and greenish brown spots and grow to 15 cm.
2)

Cancrivora Rana (frog farm), living in rice fields and the body can reach 10 cm, brown stained body dibadannya.
3)

Rana Limnocharis (marsh frog), have flesh that tastes most delicious, size is only 8 cm.
4)

Musholini Rana (frog rock / giant). Only found in Sumatra, especially West Sumatra. weighed 1.5 kg. And length was 22 cm.
4. BENEFITS


Frog meat is a source of animal protein of high nutritional content. Waste frogs that are not used as human food ingredients can be used to feed farm animals, like ducks and chickens. Frog skin that has been separated from his body could be processed into crackers frog skin. Head of the frog that has been separated can be retrieved and utilized hipofisanya gland to stimulate the frog in artificial insemination. Frog meat is believed to cure some diseases.
5. LOCATION REQUIREMENTS


1)

The height of the ideal location for the cultivation of frogs is 1600 above sea level.
2)

Land is not too skewed yet and not too flat, ideal slope of 1-5%, meaning that within 100 m distance between the edges slope of 1-5 m.
3)

Clear water or a little mixed sludge is available all the time. Clear water will expedite the process of hatching eggs.
4)

Frogs can live in water with a temperature 2-35 degrees C. The temperature during egg incubation is anata 24-27 degrees C, with humidity of 60-65%.
5)

Air contains about 5-6 ppm oxygen, or a minimum of 3 ppm. Dissolved carbon dioxide is no more than 25 ppm.
6)

Close to the source water and water can be cultivated in and out smoothly and free from drought and flood.
6. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RAISING


6.1.
Preparation Facility and Equipment
1)

Pool
In the process of making a pond, can not just dig up or hoard it but must combine the two so that will get the form and an ideal pond construction.

To enter the water into the pond required a channel whose construction is made of red masonry or concrete blocks, reinforced with cement and sand. The form of this channel generally inverted trapezoidal and at some point of entry of water into a small pond created kobakan to trap water for easy entrance into the ponds.

Swimming required include: pool frog care, the parent holding pond prior to breeding, spawning ponds, hatch pool, pool maintenance tadpoles, pond and pool enlargement enlargement percil juvenile frogs. It still needs a swimming pool maintenance coupled with the prospective parent.
a.

Frog Pond Care
Breadth of 15 meters square with a size of 3 x 5 m, which consists of brick walls and walls of 0.40 m-tall plastic wire 1 m, the floors made of cement and bricks which consist of 2 / 3 part of a pool filled with water as high as 10-15 cm and 1 / 3 part dry.
b.

Spawning pool.
The pool is made of cement and plastic wire above the wall. The depth of water in this pool is approximately 0.30 to 0.40 m and made adjoining land. Solid maintenance of 15 tails per square meter, with a ratio of three females and one male. To be more comfortable, you should not muddy floor central plains, and ponds planted with water hyacinth. Provide food in the form of small fish, crabs and snails mating period was marked with a melodious voice. Soon, their eggs floating in the water pool and immediately transferred to hatch pool.
c.

Hatchery Ponds
Hatchery ponds created several pieces, from wall with water as deep as 30 cm and water flow or aerated wide. Area 10 m2 pool entirely.
d.

Tadpole Swimming
Consisting of several pools, each 5 m2 wide range anta-6 m2, with floor base is made of cement.
e.

Young Frog Pond
In this pond frogs are kept less than 2 months old. Made some fruit with each area 15 m2, with brick walls and wire. Sloping floors with area water 1 / 3 part with a depth of 15-35 cm.
f.

Adult Frog Pond.
In this pond frogs are aged between 2-6 months. Swimming is required consisting of 2, with each area of ​​approximately 20 m2, with basic construction and dinidng walls and wire. The depth of water needed between 30-40 Cm.
2)

Preparing the Pond Production
When the ground floor of the pool is made from ground, processed and dicangkulcangkul bottom of the pond and ditebari fertilizer until deemed ready for habitation. The pool was left unused for a month. During that included a pool of water, silenced and removed repeatedly. Prepare the tools to make artificial rain, both of drums and by using springkel due to the process of mating frogs usually occurs in the rainy period.

Should pond planted with lotus, water hyacinth, velvetleaf and algae that serves to place blame for frogs making out cooed and attach their eggs and to improve water quality pond and enhance the oxygen content.
6.2.
Nurseries
For the cultivation of frogs that are sought are the type of frog American bull (Bull frog), it feels good diamping also can weigh up to 1.5 kg. Can also type stone frog from West Sumatra, which until now has not been cultivated in an optimal, because people still take it from nature.

The good livestock conditions are selected healthy seedlings and mature sex. Healthy, no defects, no bent legs and normal position, well balanced style of swimming. Make sure the frog legs are not red-leg disease (red legs).
1) Selection of Candidates for the Master Seed


Choose a healthy frogs and large. Besides, note also the signs of secondary sex. Separate parent based on their gender. The separation is approximately 1-2 days are intended to further stimulate the passion between them when it's time they met.

For parent-parent who wanted to be married should be given food chopped snail meat that is still fresh and other artificial food.
2) seed treatment and Prospective Parent


Parent males and females aged 4 months of growth stimulants were injected intramuscularly at a dose of 200-250 Gonadotropin IU / head / month.
3)
Spawning System


a.
Natural
Male and female master who has been separated for 1-2 days together in spawning ponds. Wild fish can ruin spawning. Look for frog eggs do not go wasted water disposal. In the evening or early morning when the temperature begins to decline, then we need to help smooth the process of spawning, that is by creating artificial rain.
b.
Hipofisasi System
How cutting-edge for the breeding frogs are mating system by injecting using pituitary extract to stimulate the frog to marry according to the time that we want. With this system we can intensify seeding, reduce mortality, caring for eggs
frogs that have been fertilized in a separate place, giving assurance that the eggs would be fertilized by sperm entirely and does not require artificial rain.
Injecting the female body usually on the back, abdominal cavity and the head. by injections in the abdominal cavity was chosen.
4) Reproduction and Marriage


Frog who would be accommodated in the aquarium injected given little water and covered with wire netting to facilitate the arrest. kodokkodok were old enough and in a state of mature eggs. When injected frog wrapped with a cloth so as not to wriggle hapa.

Frogs that have been injected and then removed in another aquarium and monitored every hour. After 12 hours, the frog was injected back so they can spawn whole. After the females were injected 2 times and shows will lay eggs, then we prepare the testes of male parent. Sperm released from the testis by cutting with a sharp small needle and inserted into a petri dish that has been filled with pond water clean. After the water in the cup became cloudy and the testis was empty, then the left testis fluid for 10 minutes in
6.3.
Maintenance
Maintenance performed at each growth stage of frogs, toads terrgantung Growth and health in food and the suitability of his residence. Frogs were fed 1 time a day, water in the pool was replaced and cleaned once a week.
1) Sanitation and Preventive Measures


Fertilized eggs, were transferred to hatch pool. The pool is cleaned of pests and dirt before use. Eggs should be separated from its mother so that the egg hatching process is not disrupted and is not eaten by its mother. Moving the nest egg should not be broken or mucus. The eggs will hatch after 48-72 hours at water temperature 24-27 degrees C. When you hatch reared in the same pond for 10 days.
2) Animal Care


Young frog who has experienced Metamorphose placed in permanent ponds. Income and expenditure should be given a water filter to avoid pests and prevent the frogs released into the public peraiaran. 50-100 ekor/m2 density. If we maintain the kind of bull frog who does not like food that does not move, the food must be placed under the flow of water / shower. After the age of 3 months, the frogs were selected based on the hind legs, skin and body size. The amounts in the selection of 20% of the total pool of candidates and transferred to the parent, while the rest is still maintained until harvest at age 4-5 months.

Beetle adult (mature gonada) for seeds, both male and female injection with hiphopisa gland frog as much as 1 dose. The injection was performed 1 month (when using the system hiphopisa) and dense planting as much as 20-25 ekor/m2.
3) Feeding


There are a wide variety of foods that can be given to frogs in the pond enlargement parcels as well as in juvenile frog pond enlargement. Food percil to adult frog form of chopped snail meat, minced fish meat, worms, grubs, insects, noodles, meatballs and a variety of juvenile fish and crabs and other small-ketaman.
It can also be given artificial food, artificial food with a mix we can arrange according to different ages of frogs, which are sometimes difficult to do if we give food directly derived from nature. Thus, the problem that is often experienced as food size is larger than the width of opening mouth toads do not have to happen again.
7. PEST AND DISEASE


7.1.

Diseases, Pests and Causes
Frog disease is generally caused by fungal and bacterial attack. Thigh foot red, blistered skin wounds and is a disease that attacks the frog 1-2 months old, contagious and attacks the nervous system, so it will die within a few hours.
7.2.

Prevention of Diseases and Pests
The bacteria can attack the tadpole, the tail wound symptoms and white. Overcome by separating the tadpole is attacked, the pool is cleaned with PK, the dose of 0.05 grams / liter of 15 days, do not give food protein content exceeds 10-15% dose because the stomach will become bloated toad. Treatment with the antibiotic streptomycin / tetracycline, foreign drugs with the use of betadine, or soaked in NaCl 0.15 grams / liter of water for 30 minutes, repeated up to 4 times.
7.3.

Giving Vaccinations and Drugs
Treatment of foot ulcers in red and frogs, by bathing the frog in a solution of 50-100 g/m2 Nifurene water, or by injection teramisin 25 mg / kg, or streptomycin 20 mg / kg weight of a frog. Anal diseases treated by separating out and rest 2-3 days and not fed. Other diseases are rectal prolapse (ambaien) on percil (young toad). To overcome this, the population should not be too crowded and the pool should be clean and provide calorie content in foods should not exceed doses of 3400 cl / kg food.
8. P A N E N


8.1.

Main Results
The main result is the meat produced
8.2.

By-product
While additional results can be obtained by processing waste is the result of cuts to be used as silage, with the addition of propionic and formic acid by grinding together the food for livestock are resistant to 2 months at medium temperature. Another byproduct is to be used as flour, where the mineral content of protein intake is still high enough to be used as animal feed additives. Frogs are not sold / rejects can be taken hiphofisanya for the next spawning process.
8.3.

Arrest
Before weeding, usually the frogs were placed in shelters. Frog shelters can be a wooden box or tub of cement drainage smoothly.
9. POST HARVEST


The process of post-harvest handling is also very easy. To keep the frog alive and fresh, then we can use burlap sacks or cloth bags. Transportation safest done in the morning or late afternoon. If the freight carried for long distances it is necessary to made a wooden box designed specifically, and its capacity is adjusted to the size of the timber box.